Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans accompanied by pulmonary hemosiderosis in childhood* LEONARDO ARAÚJO PINTO1, ANICK OLIVEIRA2, SINTIA COLLAZIOL2, PAULO MÁRCIO PITREZ3, MARCUS JONES3, JOÃO CARLOS PROLLA3, MARISA DOLHNIKOFF4, RENATO

* Study carried out at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul) Porto Alegre, Brazil. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology Sector, of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul) Hospital São Lucas Porto Alegre, Brazil 2. Pathology Department of the Hospital das Clínicas of Porto Alegre 3. Pathology Department of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP, Federal University of São Paulo) Correspondence to: Retano Stein. Av. Ipiranga, 6690 Centro Clínico CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Tel: 55 51 3318-2464. E-mail: [email protected] Submitted: 11 July 2005. Accepted, after review: 8 February 2006. ABSTRACT In the present report, we describe an unusual presentation of post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans accompanied by pulmonary hemosiderosis in a nine-year-old boy with persistent respiratory symptoms subsequent to an episode of acute bronchiolitis occurring at the age of seven months. After the episode, the persistent respiratory symptoms worsened significantly, and, by the age of seven, the patient began to have difficulty breathing after minimal exertion. Computed tomography of the chest presented findings consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans. Open lung biopsy revealed numerous hemosiderin-laden macrophages, as well as other findings consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans. Pulmonary hemosiderosis can occasionally be accompanied by bronchiolitis obliterans in children with severe sequelae after an episode of viral infection.